Unveiling the Impacts of Biochar, Manure and Their Optimal Combinations on Microbiological Soil Health Indicators and Lettuce Biomass

Continuous use of chemical fertilizers has deteriorated soil health and crop productivity. Replenishing nutrients microbial activity with eco-friendly amendments such as biochar manure is therefore necessary to sustain for production. However, studies are limited regarding the evaluation poultry effects on health, attributed mainly extracellular enzymes respiration. Therefore, present study was designed investigate physico-chemical microbiological properties lettuce biomass accumulation in a pot experiment. The pots were amended either alone or combination low (10%) high (20%) rates biochar. treatments included were; (i) control, (ii) (M), (iii) plus 10% (M + B10, (iv) 20% B20). Results revealed that related C, N, P mineralization, basal (BR), substrate induced respirations (SIR) significantly affected by applied manure–biochar. there large differences observed various parameters. Specifically, combined rate B20) enhanced total carbon (TC) content, dehydrogenase (DHA), BR, all SIRs except Arginine-IR. On other hand, B10) resulted aboveground dry (AGB-dry). treatment however, proved be most influential improving (β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase phosphatase) involved mineralization compared control. Thus, it concluded sole application M B20 improved both fertility which could promising direction future enhance quality